Muna 1873, nyanzvi yemasvomhu yekuBritain Maxwell akapfupikisa equation yeelectromagnetic field - Maxwell equation.Iyo equation inoratidza kuti: magetsi emagetsi anogona kuburitsa munda wemagetsi, ikozvino inogona kuburitsa magineti, uye shanduko yemagetsi munda inogonawo kugadzira magineti, uye shanduko yemagineti inogona kuburitsa magetsi emagetsi, ayo anofanotaura kuvepo kweiyo electromagnetic wave.
Makore gumi nemana gare gare, muna 1887, nyanzvi yefizikisi yekuGermany Heinrich Hertz akagadzira antenna yekutanga kuyedza kuvepo kwemafungu emagetsi.Kutaurirana pasina waya kwakatanga muna 1901 apo nyanzvi yekuItaly yefizikisi Gulimo Marconi yakashandisa antenna hombe kutaura pamusoro pemakungwa.
Basa rekutanga reiyo antenna: Inoshandiswa kushandura yakakwira-frequency yazvino (kana inotungamirwa wave) simba kuita redhiyo wave uye kuiendesa kunzvimbo zvinoenderana nekufanotemerwa kugovera.Kana ichishandiswa kugashira, inoshandura redhiyo wave simba kubva munzvimbo kuenda kune yakakwirira frequency ikozvino (kana inotungamirwa wave) simba.
Naizvozvo, iyo antenna inogona kutariswa seyakatungamirwa wave uye radiation wave shanduko chishandiso, chishandiso chekushandura simba.
Antenna kuwana
Hunhu hwakakosha hweantenna, yakazvimirira pakuti inoshandiswa kutapurirana kana kugamuchira, kuwana antenna.
Mamwe masosi antenna anopenya simba zvakaenzana munzira dzese, uye rudzi urwu rwemwaranzi inonzi isotropic radiation.Zvakafanana nezuva rinopenya simba kumativi ose.Pachinhambwe chakatarwa, simba rezuva rakayerwa chero paAngle rinenge rakafanana.Nokudaro, zuva rinoonekwa seine isotropic radiator.
Mamwe ese antennas ane yakatarisana kuwana kune isotropic radiator.Mamwe ma antenna anotungamira, ndiko kuti, simba rakawanda rinofambiswa kune mamwe mativi kupfuura mune mamwe.Huyero pakati pesimba rinopararira munzira idzi uye simba risingaparadzire antenna nenzira yakananga inonzi kuwana.Kana antenna yekufambisa ine imwe pfuma ikashandiswa seyekugamuchira antenna, ichavawo nekuwana imwechete yekugamuchira.
Antenna muenzaniso
Maantenna mazhinji anoburitsa mwaranzi yakawanda mune imwe nzira kupfuura mune imwe, uye mwaranzi yakaita seiyi inonzi anisotropic radiation.
Iyo yakanangana neantenna inoreva hukama pakati pekukosha kweiyo antenna radiation munda uye kutungamira kwenzvimbo pasi pemamiriro echinhambwe chakafanana mudunhu riri kure.Iyo yekure munda simba reiyo antenna inogona kuratidzwa se
Ndekupi, ibasa rekutungamira, rakasununguka kubva kure uye antenna ikozvino;Iri azimuth Angle uye pitch Angle zvakateerana;Ndiyo nhamba yemasaisai uye ndiyo wavelength.
Basa rekutungamira rinomiririrwa zvakajeka senge antenna inotungamira girafu.Kuti ufambise kudhirowa kwendege, kudhirowa kwese kweaviri orthogonal main plane directions.
Antenna pateni iratidziro inomiririra yekugovera kwenzvimbo yeantenna radiated simba.Zvichienderana nekushandiswa, antennas anofanirwa kungogamuchira masaini mune imwe nzira uye kwete mune mamwe (semuenzaniso TV antennas, radar antennas), kune rimwe divi, mota antennas anofanirwa kugashira masaini kubva kune ese anogona transmitter nzira.
Iyo inodiwa inotungamira inowanikwa kuburikidza neinotarirwa mechanical uye magetsi chimiro cheantenna.Kutungamira kunoratidza kugashira kana kutumira mhedzisiro yeantenna mune imwe nzira.
Mhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzemifananidzo dzinogona kushandiswa kuronga antenna maratidziro - cartesian uye polar coordinates.Mune polar girafu, poindi inoratidzwa mundege yekubatanidza pamwe neaxis yekutenderera (radius), uye polar graph yemwaranzi inoyerwa.Sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pasi apa.
Kana iyo yakakura kukosha kweiyo spatial orientation graph yakaenzana ne1, iyo yekutarisa girafu inonzi yakajairika orientation girafu, uye inopindirana yekutarisa basa inodaidzwa kuti normalized orientation function.Emax isimba remumunda wemagetsi munzira yekuenda kune yakanyanya mwaranzi, ukuwo iwo magetsi emumunda kusimba munzira yekuenda kure.
Dhiyagiramu yekutungamira kwehukama pakati pesimba remagetsi uye kutungamira kwemwaranzi inodaidzwa kuti dhiyagiramu yemagetsi.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-14-2023
